| Country: | Institution: | NODC | ADU | other | Open-Ended Response |
| Argentina | SERVICIO DE HIDROGRAFÍA NAVAL | NODC | | | |
| Argentina | CCT CENPAT-CONICET | | ADU | | We used the quality control that OBIS requires to upload data to the portal. |
| Australia | University of Tasmania | NODC | | | Data workflows: https://imos.org.au/data/data/workflows QA/QC: https://imos.org.au/data/quality-assurance-and-quality-control |
| Australia | CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrstructure (NCMI) Data Centre | | ADU | | Each routine datatype (ctd, xbt, adcp, underway, hydrology, multibeam) from the vessel has a specific data processing and quality control procedures |
| Belgium | VLIZ | NODC | | | Full data entry and scientific description. |
| Belgium | Belgian Marine Data Centre, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences | NODC | | | Visual inspection and use of R (range check, duplicate check) |
| Belgium | SCAR/Antarctic OBIS | | ADU | | no formal description available |
| Bénin | Institut de Recherches Halieutiques et Océanologiques du Bénin (IRHOB) | NODC | | | |
| Brazil | Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center | NODC | | | GTSPP (Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program); NDBC Handbook of Automated Data Quality Control Checks and Procedures; and QARTOD (Quality Assurance of Real Time Ocean Data) |
| Brazil | Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Benthic Ecology Group, The Long-term Ecological Research Program Coastal Habitats of Espírito Santo (PELD HCES) | | ADU | | |
| Bulgaria | BGODC | NODC | | | |
| Canada | Ocean Tracking Network, Dalhousie University | | ADU | | iphython notebooks checks/updates/load database for project metadata (spatial, temperal, taxon names/lengths/weights, duplicates (tags and receiver deployments) by project and whole database; vendor specifications comparisons. Tools for user include logic speed checks on detections output (mihoff/white). |
| Canada | Department of Fisheries and Oceans | NODC | | | |
| Chile | Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy | NODC | | | We make a general review through the comparatives graphics with respect historical values, using tools such as Matlab, Ocean Data View, Grapher, Surfer etc. We use some recommendations of the USA’s NODC. |
| China | NMDIS | NODC | | | CNODC has developed a series of quality control software and systems (real time and delayed mode) to realize the operational running of standardization, processing, QC, calibration, duplication check of marine data. Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic Data Quality Control Manual (Version 1.0), The Specification for Ocean Observation—Part 6: Data Processing and Quality Control (national standard being formulated), The Specification for Marine Condition Data Processing and Quality Control—Part 1: Marine Hydrology (trade standard being formulated) are used for data processing and quality control in the CNODC. Currently, only their Chinese versions are available. The meaning of quality flag is documented in Marine Observations Quality Flag List. |
| Colombia | General Maritime Directorate | NODC | | | In 2020 we worked on three methodological guides for Colombian data obtained from CTD, ADCP and automatic meteorological stations. We plan to publish these guides in June 2021. |
| Colombia | INVEMAR | | ADU | | ISO 19139 ISO 19111 ISO 19157 |
| Côte d’Ivoire | CENTRE DE RECHERCHES OCEANOLOGIQUES | NODC | | | |
| Cyprus | ORION Research Institution | | ADU | | SeaDataNet, ODV QC |
| D R Congo | Ministry of Environment/Water Resources | NODC | | | examination by a scientific committee and validation by a national scientific committee |
| Denmark | GBIF Secretariat | | ADU | | |
| Denmark | International Council for the Exploration of the Sea | | ADU | | https://ices.dk/data/tools/Pages/data-validation.aspx https://ices.dk/data/tools/Pages/quality-control.aspx |
| Egypt | National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF) | NODC | | | |
| Estonia | Tallinn University of Technology | | | other | As stated in internal rules |
| Finland | Finnish Meteorological Institute | | | other | Automatic and manual quality control is applied to most important real-time parameters and delayed mode data is manually quality controlled. |
| France | Ifremer | NODC | | | IODE recommendations, ARGO QC manual, SeaDataNet QC manual, CMEMS QC manual |
| Georgia | Iv.Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU) | | ADU | | |
| Germany | Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency | NODC | | | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36230/ https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00645/75704/ https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00355/46607/ |
| Greece | HCMR | | ADU | | LifeWatch & EMODnet Biology QC tool https://rshiny.lifewatch.be/BioCheck/, Mavraki D (2014) Marine Data Quality Control Manual. EMODNet2 Technical document, 10 p., Mavraki D, Fanini L, Tsompanou M, Gerovasileiou V, Nikolopoulou S, Chatzinikolaou E, Plaitis W, Faulwetter S (2016) https://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=11054 , Faulwetter S, Pafilis E, Fanini L, Bailly N, Agosti D, Arvanitidis C, Boicenco L, Capatano T, Claus S, Dekeyzer S, Georgiev T, Legaki A, Mavraki D, Oulas A, Papastefanou G, Penev L, Sautter G, Schigel D, Senderov V, Teaca A, Tsompanou M (2016) EMODnet Workshop on mechanisms and guidelines to mobilise historical data into biogeographic databases. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e9774. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e9774 |
| Greece | Hellenic Centre for Marine research/ Hellenic National Oceanographic Data Centre (HCMR/HNODC) | NODC | | | HNODC performs quality checks on data and metadata for vertical profiles and time series of physical, chemical, biological data according to: 1) UNESCO/IOC/IODE and MAST, 1993, Manual and Guides 26, 2) Data Type guidelines – ICES Working Group of Marine Data Management 3) SeaDataNet guidelines 4) NOAA/NCEI (former NODC) guidelines 5) “Medar-Medatlas protocol: Exchange format and quality checks for observed profiles”, 2000 |
| Guinée | Centre de Recherche Scientifique de Conakry Rogbanè (CERESCOR) | NODC | | | |
| Hrvatska (Croatia) | Institute of oceanography and fisheries | NODC | | | SeaDataCloud and EMODNET procedures |
| Iceland | CAFF | | ADU | | All data is subject to peer review and approval process prior to publication |
| India | Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services, MoES, Govt. of India | NODC | | | As per the international standard following the standard published literature and reference manuals. |
| Indonesia | BPPT | NODC | | | |
| Iran (Islamic Republic of) | Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences (INIOAS) | NODC | | | Scientific QC based on IODE best practices is performed by relevant researchers and data providers at data retrieval time. Software tools was designed and developed based on GTSPP algorithms by INCOD. Automatic QC is performed by using this tools as well as visualization facilities in the INCOD. |
| Ireland | Marine Institute | NODC | | | Data QC is carried out on a thematic basis Data management QMF https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-019-00432-w |
| Italy | National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics | NODC | | | SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/Standards/Data-Quality-Control |
| Japan | Japan Oceanographic Data Center | NODC | | | Guide for Data Quality Control of Ocean CO2-related Data published by JODC in 2004. |
| Japan | JAMSTEC | | ADU | | |
| Kazakhstan | Republican State-owned Enterprise “KazHydromet” | NODC | | | |
| Kenya | Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute | NODC | | | |
| Korea (Republic of) | Korea Oceanographic Data Centre (NIFS/KODC) | NODC | | | “Quality control manual for KODC data” published by KODC in 2010 |
| Malaysia | Institute of Oceanography and Environment, UMT | | ADU | | QMS |
| Mauritania | IMROP | NODC | | | |
| Mexico | SEP Mexico | NODC | | | None by the moment. |
| Mozambique | Instituto Nacional de Hidrografia e Navegação | NODC | | | |
| Netherlands | NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research | NODC | | | |
| New Zealand | National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research | NODC | | | |
| Norway | Institute of Marine Research | NODC | | | Internal procedures. Project procedures |
| Perú | Dirección de Hidrografía y Navegación | NODC | | | At the moment we carry out a primary quality control, only to review the data with limits of variability. |
| Philippines | ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity | | ADU | | |
| Portugal | Instituto Hidrografico | | | other | Regarding hydrography data, quality control includes data evaluation and correction (if needed) after the data is processed and before it is filed in a database. It is done in a semi-automatic way. Automation comes from the software used in data processing. Ref: “S-44 for Hydrographic Data” Regarding chemical data, quality control can be split in two different components: analitycal and data evaluation. The analitycal quality control is performed according to the requirements of the ISO 17025 standard and associated guidelines (e.g., Nordtest Report TR569, EURACHEM/CITAC Guide QAC2016); data evaluation (post analitycal) relies on the technicians expertise (assisted by applications like Ocean Data View) to check for odd values and classify the data. Refs: ISO. 2017. ISO 17025:2017 – General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories; B. Magnusson, H. Hovind, M. Krysell, U. Lund and I. Mäkinen, Handbook – Inter Quality control, Nordtest Report TR 569 (ed. 5) 2018; V. Barwick (Ed), Eurachem/CITAC Guide: Guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry: An Aid to Accreditation (3rd ed. 2016). ISBN 978-0-948926-32-7. Related to oceanographic data, we follow internal procedures that reflects the international guidelines. Refs: EuroGOOS DATA-MEQ working group – Recommendations for in-situ data Near Real Time Quality Control. DOI 10.13155/36230; ICES Data Type Guidelines; Lorenzo Corgnati (ISMAR-CNR), Carlo Mantovani (ISMAR-CNR), Antonio Novellino (ETT), Anna Rubio (AZTI), Julien Mader (AZTI) – Recommendation Report 2 on improved common procedures for HFR QC analysis. Jerico-Next Deliverable for Data Management; Manual of quality control procedures for validation of oceanographic data. IOC Manuals and Guides 26. |
| Romania | National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa” | NODC | | | |
| Russian Federation | RIHMI-WDC | NODC | | | GTSPP QC Manual Chemistry data QC Manual |
| Sénégal | Centre de Recherches Océanographiques de Dakar-Thiaroye | NODC | | | neant |
| Slovenia | National Institute of Biology | NODC | | | |
| South Africa | Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries | NODC | | | Data quality control is undertaken and overseen by Ocean Physics Group (Specialist Scientists) in accordance with international ocean data guidelines and instrument’s manufacture’s recommendations (e.g. CODAS, Seabird etc). |
| Spain | SOCIB-ICTS | | ADU | | DATA-MEQ EuroGOOS RT-QC DMQC for glider data: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00398/full |
| Spain | Ins. Esp. Oceanografia (IEO) | NODC | | | |
| Sweden | SMHI | NODC | | | – ISO/IEC 17025 Quality Manual (only in Swedish, can be supplied on demand, Alfresco #173135). – ISO 9001 – SMHI Management System (only in Swedish, can be supplied on demand) – IOC Manuals an d Guide s No 67 “IODE Qu ality Manageme nt Framework for National Oceanographic Data Centres” (Reed G., rev 2019) – IOC Manuals and Guides No 49 “Manual on International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange” – IOC Manuals and guides No. 05: Guide for Establishing a National Oceanographic Data Centre – IODE Handbook (revised edition 1994) – WMO No. 306 – Manual on Codes – HELCOM COMBINE manual http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/publications/manuals-and-guidelines – OSPAR JAMP guidelines https://www.ospar.org/work-areas/cross-cutting-issues/jamp – JERICO Best Practice Documents (riktlinjer) https://www.oceanbestpractices.net/handle/11329/362 – ICES Guidelines and Policy https://www.ices.dk/data/guidelines-and-policy/Pages/default.aspx – COPRERNICUS INFORMATION DOKUMENT (CMEMS) http://cmems-resources.cls.fr/documents/QUID/CMEMS-INS-QUID-013-030-036.pdf – COPERNICUS PRODUCT USER MANUAL (CMEMS) http://cmems-resources.cls.fr/documents/PUM/CMEMS-INS-PUM-013.pdf – COPERNICUS UALITY INFORMATION DOCUMENT (CMEMS) http://cmems-resources.cls.fr/documents/QUID/CMEMS-INS-QUID-013-038.pdf – IOOS QUARTOD Sea Level Manual https://www.ioos.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/qartod_water_level_manual.pdf – IOOS QUARTOD Manual for Real time QC of In-situ Temperature and Salinity https://ioos.noaa.gov/ioos-in-action/temperature-salinity/ – IOOS QURTROD Manual for QC of In-situ Surface Wave Data https://ioos.noaa.gov/ioos-in-action/temperature-salinity/ – IOOS QURTROD Manual for QC of In-situ Current Observations https://www.ioos.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/qartod_currents_manual.pdf – https://odv.awi.de/ (ODV software) – JERICO – FerryBox Best Practices http://www.jerico-ri.eu/download/filebase/jerico_fp7/deliverables/D3.1%20Ferrybox%20best%20practices%20v1.7.pdf – CTD SeaBird data processing \\winfs-proj\data\proj\Havgem\Mhansson\CTD-projektet nytt dataformat (internal link and in Swedish) |
| Tanzania (United Republic of) | University of Dar es Salaam, Institute of Marine Sciences | NODC | | | We used field specific quality control procedures . |
| Togo | Université de Lomé | NODC | | | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Institute of Marine Affairs | | | other | |
| Turkey | Office of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography | NODC | | | |
| Ukraine | UkrSCES | NODC | | | |
| United Kingdom | Cefas – Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science | | ADU | | Keen to review this with others. Procedures and systems in-house assist compliance with: MEDIN Metadata standard, INSPIRE, UK GEMINI, DarWinCore, NMBAQC, BEQUALM, SeaDataNet, MEDIN Data Guidelines, ICES, OSPAR, National and Defra Strategy, expectations, best practice e.g. JERICO, numerous UK legislation legislation |
| United Kingdom | British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC), National Oceanography Centre (NOC) | NODC | | | QC procedures are documented but not online yet. Generally in line with SeaDataNet (www.seadatanet.org), EuroGOOS (http://eurogoos.eu/data-management-exchange-quality-working-group-data-meq/) and IOC/IODE procedures. Also use documented QC from observing programmes, e.g. Argo (http://www.argodatamgt.org/Documentation ), GLOSS (IOC Manuals and Guides No. 83: Volume I), OceanSites (http://www.oceansites.org/documents/index.html) and AtlantOS (https://www.atlantos-h2020.eu/structure/wp7/task-7-1/ ) |
| United Kingdom | Marine Biological Association | | ADU | | All data ingested and transformed are subject to internal QC processes. The documentation is being updated as part of our CoreTrustSeal accreditation and will be online later this year. |
| United States | BCO-DMO (at WHOI) | | ADU | | |
| United States | NOAA NCEI | NODC | | | Many references depending on data type. One example is the in situ oceanographic data maintained in the World Ocean Database (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-ocean-database ) WOD18 Boyer, T.P., O.K. Baranova, C. Coleman, H.E. Garcia, A. Grodsky, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, C.R. Paver, J.R. Reagan, D. Seidov, I.V. Smolyar, K. Weathers, M.M. Zweng,(2018): World Ocean Database 2018. A.V. Mishonov, Technical Ed., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 87. WOD13 Boyer, T.P., J.I. Antonov, O.K. Baranova, C. Coleman, H.E. Garcia, A. Grodsky, D.R. Johnson, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, T.D. O’Brien, C.R. Paver, J.R. Reagan, D. Seidov, I.V. Smolyar, and M.M. Zweng, 2013: World Ocean Database 2013., S. Levitus, Ed., A. Mishonov, Technical Ed.; NOAA Atlas NESDIS 72, 209 pp., doi:10.7289/V5NZ85MT. WOD09 Boyer, T.P., J.I. Antonov , O.K. Baranova, H.E. Garcia, D.R. Johnson, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, T. D. O’Brien, D. Seidov, I.V. Smolyar, M.M. Zweng, 2009. World Ocean Database 2009 S. Levitus, Ed., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 66, 216 pp. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/1195 WOD05 Boyer, T.P., J.I. Antonov, H.E. Garcia, D.R. Johnson, R.A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, M T. Pitcher, O.K. Baranova, I.V. Smolyar, 2006. World Ocean Database 2005. S. Levitus, Ed., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 60, 190 pp., https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/1131 |
